The Iran Tepe volcanic complex occurs in the south-eastern part of the Eastern Rhodope massif. The rocks are represented by calc-alkaline and high-K calc-alkaline basaltic andesite to dacite epiclastics, lava flows and dikes, which are crosscut by andesitic and latitic dikes and rhyolitic dykes from the Planinets dyke swarm. Stratigraphic data and existing K/Ar ages suggest that the Iran Tepe volcanic complex is Upper Eocene (35-39 Ma), and is one of the oldest volcanic structures in the Eastern Rhodopes. However, new 40Ar/39Ar laser fusion and incremental step-heating experiments on biotites and isotope dilution – thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) U-Pb age data on single zircons from the bottom and top lava flows and dykes more precisely constrain the ages and time span of volcanic activity, and show that the volcanism is younger. Volcanic activity started with calc-alkaline andesites and dacites at the beginning of the Oligocene (~33.9 Ma) and culminated with the intrusion of latitic dykes at ~33.0 Ma. Rhyolites from the Planinets dyke swarm yield a similar age (32.8 Ma), but their genetic relationship with the more mafic Iran Tepe lavas remains unclear.
Most of the specimens of Corynepteris collected from the Dobrudzha Coalfield sequence are small parts of pinnae. Two species – C. angustissima and C. coralloides predominate. The habitat of Corynepteris had been studied for a long time. The genus occurs in several units of clastic sediments deposited under fluviatile conditions across the prospected part of the depression, but is absent above the coal seam m9 (middle Bolsovian). When the swamp conditions were restored briefly (coal seams n1–n4) or for a longer time (Gurkovo Formation) the genus did not resettle in the depression. The nearest basin with the genus Corynepteris presented at that time is in the Czech Republic, more than 800 km away, which was too far for an effective reintroduction of the genus to the Dobrudzha Coalfield. Spores of the genus range up into the Westphalian D coal seam n3.
The relationships between the chemical and mineral composition of 37 coal samples from Australia, Bulgaria, USA, Japan, Canada, South Africa, China, Spain, and Ukraine, which differ considerably in their geology, rank, age, ash yield, chemistry and mineralogy, have been investigated. For that purpose complete data from chemical (proximate, ultimate and ash analyses) and mineral composition (major and minor minerals) of these samples have been used. The study explains initially some general considerations of the inorganic matter in coal. Then, the work provides and elucidates the statistically significant positive or negative correlations of chemical characteristics of the coals studied. Further, different geochemical indicators for some genetic interpretations of coal formation are also provided and described. The correlations of minerals in coals, as well as the potential applications of relationships among chemical and mineral composition are described in Part 2 of the present work.
Part 1 of the present work elucidated some general considerations of inorganic matter in coal and determined and explained the relationships, namely statistically significant positive or negative correlations, for chemical characteristics. Complete data from chemical (proximate, ultimate and ash analyses) and mineral composition (major and minor minerals) of 37 coal samples worldwide were used for that purpose. The present Part 2 provides and explains the significant correlations for minerals of these coals. Then, some important relationships between the composition and rank and ash-fusion characteristics of the coals are described. Further, definitive mineralogical and geochemical indicators for genetic interpretations of coal formation are summarized. Finally, the potential implications of these relationships and indicators are discussed and certain new features that may be used as criteria for clarifying the coal properties and for predicting specific technological and environmental problems related to this fuel are also introduced and suggested.
The natural radioactivity of some paleosols from carbonate and siliciclastic rocks was studied using synthetic polycarbonate plates (CR39) in some Central and Southern Italian regions. The results demonstrate that Fe/Mn nodules, which are likely to form commonly in hydromorphic soils, are capturing Uranium together with rare metallic elements which have similar ionic potential.
No abstract is available for this publication.
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