Comparative analysis of risk assessment methodologies: example of some various specific natural disasters along the southern Bulgarian Black Sea coast

Floods and landslides are among the most significant natural hazards in Bulgaria, posing substantial risks to human life, infrastructure, and the environment. This study aims to assess the risks associated with these hazards, focusing on their frequency, intensity, and impact on human settlements, infrastructure, and the environment.
   The main goal of the research is a comparative analysis between two of the most recognized methodologies for risk assessment. We implemented the framework in two adjacent coastal municipalities in southeastern Bulgaria. This study is focused on summer storms and landslides. The framework acknowledges that summer storms comprise several natural hazards, including high winds, storm surges, and significant precipitation levels. The impact of natural phenomena, such as landslides induced by substantial rainfall or severe storm surges, is also taken into account. The current approaches rely on established methodologies from international organizations and institutions, such as the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), and Joint Research Center – European Commission (EC-JRC). These approaches stress the significance of risk assessment and locally specific management plans. The findings point out that it requires integrated, multidisciplinary approaches to address the growing challenges posed by natural hazards in an increasingly uncertain environment. These methods not only improve our comprehension of risk factors but also make it easier for different stakeholders to work together.