Paleogeodynamics of Alpine Flysch on the Balkans

The 22 Alpine flysches are of different age. They are classified into greywacke-siltstone, clastic-limestone and tephroidal flysch. Facial zones are coarse, sandy, normal, shaly flysch and subflysch or proximal and distal flysch, as well as deep-sea fans. The sources of flysch are three – exogenic, intra basin and submarine volcano. Flysch comprises rhythmic alternation of normal sediments and resedimentary (clastic) rocks. Sedimentary environments are basin slopes, rises and bottom plains or submarine-volcano slopes, rises and depressions between volcanoes. The floor is of ophiolites, pelagic or shallow-water rocks. Flysch formed upon oceanic transitional and continental crust. The rate of deposition is from 100 to 600 m/m. y. Migration of flysch is from oceans through island arcs and marginal seas to epicontinental troughs. Upwards there is a hiatus (orogeny) but as an exception – transition to post-flysch (molasse). In the sequences flysch is preorogenic, synorogenic or postorogenic. It originates during the mature, senile or final oceanic stage of the Wilson's cycle. The paleogeodynamic environments are 16 in oceans, seas and continents. Models of concrete paleogcodynamic environments have been proposed. In the evolutional stages flysch may be embrional (Anisian), initial (Triassic, Jurassic) and early (Late Jurassic, Early Cretaceous). Early Alpine (Cimmerian-Austrian), middle Laramian (Upper Cretaceous), late Illyrian (Paleogene) and final (Eocece-Miocene) Savian-Stirian (Moldavian). In the Alpine evolution of the Tethyan ocean flysch migrates from north to south.